Last updated 7/27/2024


Be warned some of these links contain detailed accounts of surgery on children and resulting complications.


1. various

Intersex Genital Mutilation – IGM: The Fourteen Days of Intersex | OII Intersex Network (February 2012)


Intersex Advocate Writes Open Letter to Doctor About Medically Unnecessary Surgeries by Brittney McNamara | Teen Vogue (October 2017)


Background Note on Human Rights Violations against Intersex People | United Nations Human Rights


Should We 'Fix' Intersex Children? by Charlotte Greenfield | The Atlantic (July 2014)


Surgeries on Intersex Infants are Bad Medicine by Cathren Cohen | National Health Law Program (July 2021)


There are no ”nerve-sparing” surgeries on children with CAH: an interview with Dr. Casey Orozco-Poore, MD. by Maddie Moran | interACT (August 2023, has a translation into Spanish, describes a doctor sexually abusing children in order to present genital surgeries as fine)


After years of protest, a top hospital ended intersex surgeries. For activists, it took a deep toll. by Kate Sosin | The 19th (August 2020)


2. medical professionals condemning IGM

Re-Thinking Genital Surgeries on Intersex Infants by M. Joycelyn Elders, M.D., M.S., David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D., FAAFP, FACPM, FACP, and Richard Carmona, M.D., M.P.H., FACS | Palm Center (June 2017)


U.S. Surgeons General Criticize Involuntary Surgery On Intersex Babies by Kristina Marusic | Logo TV (June 2017)


Intersex Care at Lurie Children's and Our Supportive Program for a Range of Urogenital Traits (SPROUT) signed by Dr. Thomas Shanley, Dr. Derek Wheeler, Dr. Earl Cheng, Dr. Robert Garofalo, and the SPROUT team | Lurie's Childrens' Hospital of Chicago (July 2020)


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